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Interpellation & Unknown Knowns

Critique of Ideology & Political Economy · 48 concepts · 166 talks · 236.6 hours · 1994–2026

Žižek's reading of Marx's commodity fetishism: neither mere illusion nor reality, but the way things function in social practice regardless of what individuals consciously know, 'they do not know it but they do it.'

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≤2000talks carrying this idea, per year2026

In his words 40

“your laughter now — this is what makes us subjects of power. There's absolutely nothing sub — we played their games.”
~3:04 We’re Only Human · ideological interpellation through complicit laughter
“Hysterical questioning is: 'But why am I what you are telling me that I am?'”
~0:00 Modalities of the Absolute · hysteria as ideological counter-interpellation
“the basic hysterical question is, but why am i what you are saying that i am? this elementary doubt.”
29:40 Samuel Beckett’s Art of Abstraction · hysteria and interpellation

The stories that teach it

the jokes and anecdotes he reaches for when he works in this idea, ranked by how many of its talks they turn up in; each card is one story, with every retelling on its page

anecdote · in 26 of its talks

Niels Bohr's horseshoe

Niels Bohr had a horseshoe on his country-house door; when a scientist friend asked why a scientist would keep a superstitious charm, Bohr answered 'I was told it works even if you don't believe in it', Žižek's model for ideology today.

example · in 17 of its talks

Starbucks ethical consumerism

Buying a Starbucks cappuccino is sold as supporting Guatemalan organic farmers and saving the planet; the owner appeared like Anthony Giddens calling Starbucks an ersatz place of collective experience. The sin of consumerism and its redemption are packaged together in the same…

example · in 14 of its talks

Rumsfeld's known/unknown matrix and the fourth term

Rumsfeld articulated three epistemological categories before the Iraq war (known knowns, known unknowns, unknown unknowns); Žižek argues he missed the crucial fourth, 'unknown knowns' (unconscious fantasies), which is what the U.S. lacked awareness of, making the Iraqi Ministe…

example · in 14 of its talks

Santa Claus Belief

Parents deny believing in Santa while buying presents; children deny believing while pretending so as not to disappoint parents. No one believes in the first person yet the ritual functions perfectly.

anecdote · in 12 of its talks

Native Americans prefer 'Indians'

A Native American man in Missoula, Montana told Žižek he prefers 'Indian' over 'Native American' because 'at least that is a monument to white man's stupidity', and proceeded to demolish the left-liberal image of indigenous people as ecologically holistic, saying they burned m…

joke · in 13 of its talks

coffee without cream / coffee without milk

A customer orders coffee without cream; the waiter says they have no cream but can offer coffee without milk. Even though the result is identical, the absent supplement matters, Hegelian negativity in a joke.

Where it comes up 165

202 moments located in the transcripts, click a timestamp to play from there

1:02:04 interpellation
… in Badiou's term the typical capitalist is not the egotist hedonist democratic individual materialist it's absolutely a kind of a perverted interpellation to an event like there is something for which I am ready to risk everything.
1:14:15 unknown knowns
… rejudices and so on how they approached Iraq and so on this would be again a nice definition of the unconscious Lacan even uses the term an unknown knowledge something you know but you know where you can find a simple example of this? It also goes with what I called yesterday the objective appearance some things the way things really appear.
1:14:26 objective illusion
… nknown knowledge something you know but you know where you can find a simple example of this? It also goes with what I called yesterday the objective appearance some things the way things really appear.
Less Than Nothing2012 · 1:23:18
~17:51 interpellation
and so on, you know, fight for communism, democracy, nation whatever. But even but what we are getting today is is anything more ideology, but ideology which is simply part of our daily texture. Because how are we interpellated, addressed by society today? There is …
1:12:50 unknown knowns
… Going back to your unknown knowns, I heard a talk recently about Marx that said Marx hated the idea of common sense because the idea of common sense was basically the bourge …
~3:49 interpellation
should... Okay that... Now let me go on with a more another more problematic point which is crucial. What is happening today? Was this a slip of tongue or did you mean it consciously subverting Althusser? Because I'm sorry I'm like a secret policeman I …
46:41 totality
… You see Hegelian notion of totality here Adorno was wrong I think.
~31:42 interpellation
question is to be asked apropos freedom of choice and so on, not only what is the ideology you adopt, but as what do you identify yourself in adopting that ideology? I think it was already your own years ago Manchester, the beginning of cultural …
2:07 background noise
… Ideology is precisely that thick background noise on account of which even if we explicitly agreed, effectively we did not agree.
35:23 servitude volontaire
… from this mythic content, is simply that when we are subjects to power, as we learn from wonderful theorists like the old good treatise on *servitude volontaire* by La Boétie, you know, we are always, we want it or not, invested in power.
1:23:11 interpellation
… and psychoanalysis the universal subject is hysterical subject what is hysteria at its most elementary you know louis altisser's theory of interpellation, like ideology interpellates you into something.
4:06 new clichés
… by his studio for using too many old cliches and he immediately wrote a memo to his screenplay scenario department saying we urgently need new cliches he was right and that's what we need politically today i i will present you quite brutally na it will be a very what i will do today my the …

The company it keeps

thought with
alongside works

Nearest in meaning

Concepts in this idea 48

55
interpellation
Althusser's mechanism by which ideology hails subjects into identity, which Žižek argues is too simple because it skips the constitutive moment of hysterical doubt.
22
Sittlichkeit
Hegelian ethical substance, the thick background of mostly unwritten rules of social life telling us what we can and cannot do, which Žižek claims is now disintegrating.
20
unknown knowns
Žižek extends Rumsfeld's epistemological schema by adding the fourth, Freudian category: things we know but don't know that we know, the unconscious as unknown knowledge.
12
objective illusion
Žižek's reading of Marx's commodity fetishism: neither mere illusion nor reality, but the way things function in social practice regardless of what individuals consciously know, 'they do not know it but they do it.'
11
totality
For Žižek's Hegel, totality is not an organic harmonious whole but a critical concept that includes all symptoms, antagonisms, and inconsistencies as integral parts, 'the whole plus its symptoms.'
9
overdetermination
A psychoanalytic concept where one is determined by past traumas; Žižek argues this does not excuse action but increases radical responsibility.
8
manufacturing consent
Chomsky's concept of the thick web of implicit rules and customs that manufacture political consensus, which Žižek argues is currently breaking down.
8
new clichés
Žižek's formula (attributed to Samuel Goldwyn) for the revolutionary task: not to be original but to make gestures that become new social clichés, to found new implicit norms.